CD | Op-ed | 数字经济

Healthy online sector key to long-term growth 健康的线上行业是长期增长的关键

Editor's Note: The internet has changed our lifestyle and the digital economy has made life even more convenient. But any market needs certain regulations for healthy development, and that is exactly what China and other digitally advanced countries are implementing. Three experts share their views on the issue with China Daily:

The rapidly expanding digital economy and innovation-oriented enterprises are playing an important role in China's economic development, by promoting the "dual circulation" development paradigm and boosting high-quality development.

大意：快速发展的数字经济和创新型企业在中国经济发展中发挥着重要作用，推动了双循环发展模式，推动了高质量发展。

【单词积累】 

1、digital economy   数字经济（refers to an economy that is based on digital computing technologies. The digital economy is also sometimes called the Internet Economy, the New Economy, or Web Economy. ）

2、innovation-oriented enterprises   创新性企业

3、the "dual circulation" development paradigm  双循环发展模式（指以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环相互促进的新发展格局）

4、boost high-quality development  推动高质量发展

But the digital economy has also reshaped the traditional competitive market and increased the risks of monopolies, as digital enterprises control data circulation and create technology barriers to expand their business and make more profits.

大意：但数字经济也重塑了传统竞争市场，增加了垄断风险，数字企业控制流通数据，制造技术壁垒以扩大业务，从而获取更多利润。

【单词积累】 

5、technology barriers  技术壁垒

Hence, the State Administration for Market Regulation, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Cyberspace Administration of China have jointly decided to tighten some regulations for internet-based companies. The move is aimed at addressing internet industry-related issues including infringement of users' rights and threats to data security, so as to build an open, standardized and secure internet environment.

大意：因此，国家市场监督管理总局（the State Administration for Market Regulation）、工业和信息化部（the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology）和国家互联网信息办公室（the Cyberspace Administration of China）联合决定加强对互联网公司的一些监管。此举旨在解决侵犯用户权利、数据安全威胁等互联网行业相关问题，构建开放、规范、安全的互联网环境。

【单词积累】 

6、tighten some regulations  收紧/加强政策

7、internet-based companies   互联网公司

8、so as to   为了，为的是，以便 in order to 

e.g.  He interacted closely with us so as to finish the difficult task. 他与我们紧密配合以完成这项艰难的任务。

To ensure the healthy development of the digital economy, it is important that the market plays a decisive role in the allocation of resources and the government performs its governance role better.

大意：要保证数字经济的健康发展，必须发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，政府更好地发挥其管理作用。

【单词积累】 

9、 plays a decisive role  发挥决定性作用

China has made remarkable achievements since the launch of reform and opening-up, and should continue to optimize the market mechanism to boost high-quality development in the new era. But some leading enterprises tend to abuse their dominant market position, by restricting trading, using big data to introduce discriminating pricing, and creating market entry barriers for other players in a bid to increase their profitability. Such actions have undermined the market order and violated consumer rights.

大意：改革开放以来，我国取得了举世瞩目的成就，新时期要继续优化市场机制，推动高质量发展。但一些龙头企业往往滥用市场主导地位，通过限制交易、利用大数据引入歧视性定价、为其他企业设置市场准入壁垒等手段，提高自身的盈利能力。这种行为破坏了市场秩序，侵犯了消费者权益。

【单词积累】 

10、make remarkable achievements   取得举世瞩目的成就

11、optimize the market mechanism  优化市场机制

12、discriminating pricing  歧视定价

13、undermine the market order   破坏市场秩序

14、violate consumer rights   侵犯消费者权益

下文：infringe on consumer rights

Experience shows that a country can achieve economic success only through synergy between the visible hand of the State and the invisible hand of the market.

大意：经验表明，一个国家只有通过国家这只看得见的手和市场这只看不见的手的协同作用，才能取得经济上的成功。

Yet boosting the high-quality development of the digital economy does not mean allowing disorderly and unfair competition. So the government should more strictly supervise the market and create a level playing field for all companies while allowing the market to play the decisive role in resource allocation.

大意：但推动数字经济高质量发展，并不意味着允许无序和不公平竞争。政府要更加严格地监管市场，让市场在资源配置中起决定性作用，为所有企业创造公平竞争的环境。

Compared with the industrial economy, the digital economy's operational costs are lower and trading process more convenient. But given the unfair, even destructive competition the digital enterprises can give rise to, the government should tighten both regulation and supervision.

大意：与工业经济相比，数字经济的运营成本更低，交易过程更方便。但考虑到数字企业可能引发的不公平、甚至具有破坏性的竞争，政府应该加强监管。

【单词积累】 

15、industrial economy [工经] 工业经济；产业经济学（又叫资源经济，即经济发展主要取决于自然资源的占有和配置。）

16、give rise to  引起，使发生，导致  to be the cause or source of : produce

e.g. His observations gave rise to an animated and lively discussion. 他的言论引起了一场气氛热烈而活跃的讨论。

The online market plays a key role in the development of the digital economy. As such, the government should also build a level playing field for online market players, improve the regulations for market economy, and ensure the market entities abide by the rules and regulations. There is a need to tighten supervision of tech companies to prevent them from indulging in unfair competition.

大意：网络市场在数字经济的发展中起着关键作用。要为网络市场主体营造公平竞争的环境，完善市场经济制度，确保市场主体遵守规章制度。有必要加强对科技公司的监管，防止它们陷入不公平竞争。

There is also a need for the government to adopt a multi-pronged approach to promote fair competition in the tech industry, and address the problems created by the lack of a fair competitive mechanism, in order to promote the high-quality development of the digital economy.

大意：要多管齐下，促进科技产业公平竞争，着力解决缺乏公平竞争机制的问题，推动数字经济高质量发展。

【单词积累】 

17、adopt a multi-pronged approach   多管齐下

The healthy development of the internet market is important to not only the growth of the digital economy but also the building of a healthy community of cyberspace. After all, the digital economy has been linked with China's overall national development policy.

大意：互联网市场的健康发展，不仅对数字经济的发展具有重要意义，对构建健康的网络空间共同体也具有重要意义。毕竟，数字经济已经与中国的整体国家发展政策联系在一起。

First, the essential function of the internet is to facilitate communication among people across the world and provide information, not to serve as isolated platforms to make money. So by restricting normal access to web links, some internet companies deny users their rights, hinder the flow of information and undermine the market order. Such illegal behaviors should be punished.

大意：首先，互联网的基本功能是促进世界各地的人们之间的交流和提供信息，而不是作为一个孤立的平台来赚钱。因此，一些互联网公司通过限制网络链接的正常访问，剥夺了用户的权利，阻碍了信息的流动，破坏了市场秩序。这种违法行为应该受到惩罚。

Second, the flow of information can increase cultural exchanges between communities and nations. The development of the digital economy is about material and social advancement. And by ensuring fair competition in the internet market and boosting the digital economy's healthy development, the government can better implement related policies, and promote global cultural exchanges.

大意：第二，信息的流动可以增加社区和国家之间的文化交流。数字经济的发展是物质和社会的进步。通过确保互联网市场的公平竞争，促进数字经济的健康发展，政府可以更好地落实相关政策，促进全球文化交流。

Third, innovation is the primary driving force behind the digital economy. The emerging innovation-oriented enterprises have changed the rules of the game. Still, fair competition remains a prerequisite for innovation. And a healthy competition mechanism can deepen internet market reform and ensure the healthy development of the digital economy.

大意：第三，创新是数字经济的第一动力。新兴的创新型企业改变了游戏规则。然而，公平竞争仍然是创新的先决条件。健全的竞争机制可以深化互联网市场改革，保障数字经济健康发展。

【单词积累】 

18、driving force  驱动力

19、change the rules of the game  改变游戏规则

e.g. If you can't win the game, change the rules. 如果你赢不了这个游戏，那就改变它的规则。（这个规则不利于你，那就努力成为定制规则的人，去改变它。）

20、rerequisite/priː'rekwɪzɪt/  n. something that is necessary to an end or to the carrying out of a function 先决条件，前提

Fourth, to promote the healthy development of the digital economy, it is also important to safeguard cyberspace security, and ensure orderly competition in the online market——because unfair and disorderly competition can prompt some tech companies to misuse big data, algorithms and consumers' information to make profits, which not only infringe on consumer rights and influence users' choices, but will also hinder innovation. So the government should strengthen supervision of the internet market and implement measures to maintain order in cyberspace.

大意：第四，为了促进数字经济的健康发展，维护网络安全也很重要，确保网络市场的有序竞争。因为不公平、无序的竞争会促使一些科技公司滥用大数据、算法和消费者信息来牟利，这不仅侵犯了消费者的权利、影响了用户的选择，还会阻碍创新。政府应该加强对网络市场的监管，并采取措施维护网络秩序。

Fifth, an internet governance system should be established to promote fairness in the online sector. Plus, a level playing field is necessary for the healthy development of market economy and building of a shared cyberspace community. In this regard, the anti-monopoly law and regulations are aimed at curbing tech giants' monopolistic practices, without affecting the interests of small and medium-sized enterprises.

大意：第五，建立互联网治理体系，促进网络公平。另外，公平竞争是市场经济健康发展的需要，也是构建网络空间共同体的需要。在这方面，反垄断法和法规旨在遏制科技巨头的垄断行为，而不影响中小企业的利益。

【单词积累】 

21、plus/plʌs/  conj. （非正式）而且，另外；加

And sixth, by ensuring fair competition in the market and breaking up monopolies, the government can inject new vitality into the market entities, promote fair competition in the digital sector, and build a healthy digital market.

大意：第六，政府通过确保市场公平竞争、打破垄断，为市场注入新活力，促进数字领域公平竞争，构建健康的数字市场。

【单词积累】 

22、inject new vitality into the market entities  为市场注入新活力

【背景补充】 

1、discriminating pricing 歧视定价

    一种常见的定价策略，企业为了实现收益最大化，针对不同用户的支付能力，制定了不同的收费价格，从而使各类用户都能购买该商品。

     一般将其划分为一级价格歧视、二级价格歧视和三级价格歧视：

      一级价格歧视，按人定价

      又被称为完全价格歧视，企业根据数据分析对每个用户进行画像后的差异化定价，在定价的同时也会配套使用差异化发放红包和优惠券等形式来降低用户敏感度和负面影响。比较典型的案例就是前段时间热传的“大数据杀熟”事件。

     二级价格歧视，按量定价

      又称为数量歧视，是供给方对消费者的需求曲线有一定了解，针对同一商品或服务的不同购买量来进行差别定价，但每个消费者购买相同数量的价格一样。 

       其核心是通过不同购买量来实现价格歧视，最常见的就是各类交易平台使用的团购、满赠和满减等方式，这类定价策略一般为正向二级价格歧视，即消费者购买的数量越多，实际商品的单价越便宜，而其中价格下降导致的收益下降小于价格下降带来的销量的增加而增加的收益，故供给方的整体利润是增加的。

 三级价格歧视，按人定价

      供给方针对不同的消费者进行分类，再根据不同类用户所代表市场的需求价格弹性不同来制定不同价格策略。当某类用户群的需求价格弹性越大，则定价越低；需求价格弹性越小，则定价越高。

      这种定价方式就涉及到对消费者进行用户分类，常见的方式有：

      1）优惠券的发放（不包含新人礼包），如淘宝和网易严选等平台采用的店铺优惠券主动领取，而非直接发放或降价的方式，即通过消费者主动的方式来划分用户的价格敏感度；

     2）分享拉人降价，如拼多多的拼团或美团、饿了么的分享红包模式，针对消费者价值敏感度高的用户进行优惠刺激，将潜在消费者变成客户。（来源：作者：产品研究社   链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/9e5e2694eaec）

脉络

数字经济

P1-P2：事件：数字经济带来发展与风险

P3-P5：国家态度：监管、引导

P6-P7：国家接手的原因：看不见的手+看得见的手

P8-P9：网络的重要性

P10-16：要求：需弱化寡头以此牟利；以此促进文化交流、物质、社会进步；创新；维护网络安全；维护公平；构建健康市场