关于耶伦北京之行，你应该知道的 - 纽约时报双语版

The deep chill between the United States and China moderated a little over the past few days as Treasury Secretary Janet L. Yellen held marathon talks with a new group of top economic policymakers in Beijing.

过去几天，随着美国财政部长 珍妮特·耶伦在北京与新一批高级经济政策制定者举行马拉松式会谈，中美之间的严寒气氛有所缓和。

Ms. Yellen used softer language for America’s economic strategy toward China, disavowing a term that had caught on in Washington but offended Beijing. Yet even though more talks are a likely outcome of Ms. Yellen’s trip to China, neither she nor Chinese officials retreated from their policy positions. That left the two sides facing the prospect of further conflicts over trade, investment and technology.

耶伦在谈到 美国对华经济战略时使用了较为温和的措辞，摒弃了一个在华盛顿流行但冒犯北京的说法。尽管耶伦的中国之行可能会带来更多会谈，但她和中国官员都没有从自己的政策立场上退缩。这使得双方将来在贸易、投资和技术方面可能面临更多冲突。

She forged ties with China’s economic leaders.

她与中国经济领导人建立了联系。

Last fall, China’s Communist Party congress cleared the way for the country’s president, Xi Jinping, to install a new team of loyalists in top economic roles. The officials — including Ms. Yellen’s counterpart, Vice Premier He Lifeng — generally have less international experience than their predecessors and are less familiar to policymakers in the West. China has also gradually curtailed the release of economic information, discontinuing many reports, making it harder to know what is really happening in the Chinese economy.

去年秋天， 中国共产党代表大会为国家主席 习近平扫清道路，任命了一个忠于他的团队担任经济高层职务。这些官员——包括耶伦的对等官员、国务院副总理 何立峰——在国际经验上比他们的前任要少，而且西方政策制定者对他们也不那么熟悉。中国还逐渐减少发布经济信息，停止了许多报告，使人们更难了解中国经济的真实情况。

One of Ms. Yellen’s top goals was to meet China’s new team. She also wanted to understand what is happening in the Chinese economy, which has rebounded more slowly than expected this year after China lifted nearly three years of stringent pandemic measures.

耶伦的首要目标之一是会见中国的新领导班子。她还想了解 中国经济的现状，在中国取消了近三年的严格疫情措施后，今年中国经济的反弹速度慢于预期。

At least on these narrow goals, Ms. Yellen appears to have had some success as she held talks totaling 10 hours with four of China’s top economic policymakers, particularly Mr. He. While the Biden administration has held several rounds of high-level diplomatic talks with China, these were the first such economic talks during this administration.

耶伦似乎至少在这些有限的目标上取得了一些成功，她与四位中国最高经济政策制定者——特别是何立峰——进行了总计10个小时的会谈。虽然拜登政府已与中国举行了多轮高层外交会谈，但这是本届政府首次举行此类经济会谈。

R. Nicholas Burns, the United States ambassador to China, said that reopening the economic talks, “is very much in our interest, to deliver directly tough messages on issues where we disagree and engage where our interests align with the world’s second-largest economy.”

美国驻华大使尼古拉斯·伯恩斯表示，重新开启经济谈判“非常符合我们的利益，在我们存在分歧的问题上直接传达强硬信息，在我们的利益与世界第二大经济体一致的地方进行接触。”

She used a new D-word for supply chains: ‘Diverse.’

她在供应链问题上使用了一个由“D”打头的新词——“多样化”(diverse)。

Chinese officials keenly sensitive to the language of diplomacy have vigorously opposed calls in Washington over the past several years for the American economy to pull away, or “decouple,” from China’s. They fear that multinational companies would shift their extensive supply chains and tens of millions of jobs from China to other countries.

中国官员对外交语言极为敏感，过去几年曾经强烈反对华盛顿要求美国经济与中国经济“脱钩”(decouple)的呼吁。他们担心跨国公司会将其广泛的供应链和数以千万计的就业机会从中国转移到其他国家。

The European Commission president, Ursula von der Leyen, put forward in March a gentler and more neutral term: “ de-risking.” Chinese officials and state media initially had few objections to de-risking, but started denouncing it after the U.S. national security adviser, Jake Sullivan, used it in a speech a month later.

欧盟委员会主席乌苏拉·冯德莱恩在3月提出了一个更温和、更中性的术语：“ 去风险化”(de-risking)。中国官员和官方媒体最初对去风险化没有什么反对意见，但一个月后，美国国家安全顾问杰克·沙利文在一次演讲中使用了这个词，中国官员和官方媒体开始谴责这一说法。

Ms. Yellen sought repeatedly during her trip to allay China’s concerns that the United States sought to decouple at all, and she even avoided mentioning de-risking. She said instead that the United States wanted diverse supply chains — which happens to be a longtime public policy goal of China as well.

耶伦在访问期间多次试图打消中国对美国寻求脱钩的担忧，甚至避免提及去风险化。相反，她表示美国想要多样化的供应链——这恰好也是中国的长期公共政策目标。

“There is an important distinction between decoupling, on the one hand, and on the other hand, diversifying critical supply chains or taking targeted national security actions,” she said.

“一个是脱钩，另一个是使关键供应链多样化或采取有针对性的国家安全行动，两者之间存在重要区别，”她说。

The Biden administration maintains that the recent limits it has placed on high-tech exports to China, notably of the most advanced semiconductors, are narrowly focused on American military security. The administration has tried to characterize its actions as building a high fence around only a small yard of technologies.

拜登政府坚称，最近对中国高科技出口的限制——尤其对最先进的半导体——仅仅是为了美国的军事安全。政府试图将其行动描述为只围绕一小部分技术筑起高围栏。

But even after Ms. Yellen’s visit, many in China are skeptical. As the United States presents policies as “just for national security, then the question is how big is the yard of national security,” said Wu Xinbo, dean of international studies at Fudan University in Shanghai.

但即使在耶伦访问之后，许多中国人仍持怀疑态度。上海复旦大学国际关系学院院长吴心伯表示，如果说美国提出的政策，“只是为了国家安全，那么问题是，国家安全的范围有多大”。

She offered no new policies. Nor did China.

她没有提出新政策。中国也没有。

Conspicuously missing from a news conference Ms. Yellen held on Sunday, and from a separate statement by China’s official news agency, Xinhua, was any suggestion that even one of the many trade, investment and technology issues between the two countries had been resolved.

耶伦周日举行的新闻发布会和中国官方通讯社新华社的另一份声明中，明显没有提及的是，两国之间的众多贸易、投资和技术问题当中，是否有任何问题已经得到解决。

China placed restrictions last Monday on the export of two critical metals, gallium and germanium, used in computer chips. China produces almost all of the world’s supply of both materials. The export controls were widely seen as retaliation for American limits on semiconductor exports to China, although Beijing did not characterize its measure as retaliation. Ms. Yellen, speaking Sunday on CBS’s “Face the Nation,” said the move was “potentially” retaliatory.

中国上周一对计算机芯片中使用的两种关键金属镓和锗 实施了出口限制。这两种材料在全世界的供应几乎都出自中国。这一出口管制被广泛视为对美国限制对华半导体出口的报复，尽管北京并未将此措施定性为报复。耶伦周日在哥伦比亚广播公司的《面对国民》节目中表示，此举“可能”是报复性的。

Beijing is also bracing for the long-discussed possibility that the Biden administration may limit American investment in certain high-tech sectors of the Chinese economy. China imposed its own curbs on outbound investments in 2015. Beijing steered the country’s companies and households away from speculating on American real estate and European soccer clubs and pushed them instead to buy overseas businesses in aircraft production, heavy manufacturing, artificial intelligence, cybersecurity and other strategic sectors.

北京还准备应对拜登政府可能做出的对中国经济某些高科技领域的投资限制，这一可能性已经过长期讨论。2015年，中国对境外投资实施了限制。北京引导中国企业和家庭不要对美国房地产和欧洲足球俱乐部投机，并推动他们收购某些领域的海外企业，包括飞机生产、重型制造、人工智能、网络安全和其他战略领域。

Ms. Yellen nonetheless tried on Sunday to put an optimistic spin on her visit, as she sought to rebut speculation that conflict may be inevitable.

尽管如此，耶伦周日仍试图对她的访问表现出乐观的态度，她试图反驳有关冲突或许不可避免的猜测。

“Navigating the contours of the relationship between the United States and China is no easy task, but we must never forget that, despite the challenges, our path is not predestined,” she said.

她说：“把握中美关系的轮廓并不是一件容易的事，但我们永远不能忘记，尽管面临挑战，我们的道路并非注定。”

Alan Rappeport对本文有报道贡献。

Keith Bradsher是《纽约时报》北京分社社长，曾任上海分社社长、香港分社社长、底特律分社社长。他此前曾驻华盛顿报道国际贸易新闻。2013年，他所在的团队凭借对苹果的报道获得了普利策奖。1998年，他凭借对运动型多用途汽车(SUV)存在危险的报道入围普利策奖。欢迎在Twitter上关注他： @KeithBradsher。

翻译：纽约时报中文网

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